Understanding Hydrocele in Children - Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

We are concerned about our son's hydrocele. Can you please explain what it is and how it affects him?

Hydrocele is a common condition in young boys and affects up to 10% of newborns. It is a painless swelling in the scrotum, the sac that holds the testicles. The swelling is caused by a buildup of fluid around the testicle.

What causes hydrocele?

Hydroceles are usually congenital, meaning they are present at birth. They develop as a result of incomplete closure of a natural passage called the processus vaginalis, which allows the testicle to descend from the abdomen to the scrotum during fetal development. If the processus vaginalis is not completely closed, fluid can leak back and forth between the abdomen and scrotum, causing swelling.

Is there a difference between hydrocele in newborns and older children?

Yes, there are two main types of hydrocele: communicating and non-communicating. Communicating hydroceles are the most common type and are present at birth. They originate from an opening between the scrotum and abdomen. Non-communicating hydroceles develop later in childhood and are not associated with the abdomen. They are thought to be caused by excess fluid production around the testicle.

How will you diagnose my son's hydrocele?

Hydrocele is usually diagnosed by physical examination. The doctor will palpate the scrotum to feel the swollen area. In some cases, ultrasound may be done to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Does my son's hydrocele need to be treated?

In most cases, hydroceles in newborns will resolve on their own within the first year of life. However, the pediatrician will need to monitor your son's hydrocele closely to make sure it is not growing or causing any pain. If the hydrocele does not resolve on its own or starts to cause problems, surgery may be recommended.

What type of surgery is involved?

Surgery to repair a hydrocele is a relatively simple procedure called a hydrocelectomy. It is usually performed on a day case basis under general anesthesia. During the operation, the surgeon will make a small incision in the groin and identify the processus vaginalis. The processus vaginalis will then be closed with sutures.

What are the risks of the surgery?

The risks of hydrocelectomy are very low. The most common complication is bleeding, which is easily controlled with stitches or pressure. In rare cases, infection or hydrocele recurrence may occur.

What should we expect after surgery?

Your son will be able to go home the same day as surgery. He may experience some bruising and swelling of the scrotum, but this will usually resolve within a few weeks.